See Fast Facts on this site for a quick overview.

A good primer on the origin of the cloth itself and textile analysis.
http://www.shroudstory.com/fabric.htm

Here is a probable timeline for the Shroud from 1st Century to present day.
http://www.shroudstory.com/timeline.htm

Here is a good historical account of the Shroud's probable history prior to being revealed in France in 1357.
http://www.shroudstory.com/early.htm

Where was the Shroud from 1204 to 1357? Kept by the Knights Templar? Find out more here.
http://www.shroudstory.com/middle.htm

A chronology from 1349 to present day.
http://www.shroud.com/history.htm

THE HOLY GRAIL:
Could the Shroud be related to the Holy Grail? Hold on to your shorts, this is a very cool theory.
http://www.shroud.com/scavone2.htm

SUDARIUM OF OVIEDO: Could the Shroud be linked to the Sudarium of Oviedo, a small cloth believed to have wrapped the face of Jesus? The cloth is covered with blood stains and pleural fluid which have a 95% correlation to the blood stain images on the Shroud. Pollen also indicates its origin in Israel. The key point is that this particular cloth has a documented history back to the 8th century, well before C-14 tests claim the Shroud was made.
http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/ford1.pdf

Here is a good overview of the evidence linking the Shroud to the Sudarium of Oviedo
http://www.shroudstory.com/sudarium.htm

LITURGICAL CLUES TO THE SHROUD'S HISTORY as early as 325 AD. by The Rev. Albert R. Dreisbach, Jr. He calls them "Spy Clues", or veiled references to the Shroud in liturgy that may indicate the existence of the cloth a thousand years before C-14 says it came to be.
http://www.shroud.com/dreisbch.htm

EDESSA:
Ian Wilson recounts some interesting possibilities regarding the Shroud's early history where it was probably kept for nearly a thousand years, in Edessa (now Urfa), Turkey, from first century to 944 AD when it was brought to Constantinople (now Istanbul).
http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/wilson.pdf